The determinants of capital structure of information technology firms in international market / Muhammad Firdaus Hariri Md Hamsani

This research examines the determinants of capital structure of firms with a case study of manufacturing companies in information technology sector in international market from 2008 to 2015 with the purpose of providing a critical appraisal of the need and importance of capital structure. Descriptive and regression research technique was applied to test the impact of some key variables such as profitability, firm size, growth opportunity, tangibility and liquidity on firms value which is measured by total debt ratio (TDR) .In addition, secondary data was applied using data derived from nine (9) top information technology companies that have been sorted by forbes.com. To obtain the result, normality test and regression has been tested

Analysis of Complications Following Multidisciplinary Functional Intervention in Paediatric Craniomaxillofacial Syndromes

Paediatric craniomaxillofacial (CMF) surgery requires multidisciplinary team approach to obtain optimal and holistic management of children with complex craniofacial deformities. As various interventions to address different functional discrepancies are often indicated, complications associated with these interventions have been reported. The aim of this study was to analyse the complications following functional interventions among syndromic CMF paediatric patients in University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This is a retrospective study involving 34 syndromic CMF patients with the current age ranged from 8 months to 15 years old. Electronic data comprising of patients’ demographic, clinical, operational and review entry were analysed. Inclusion criteria includes all paediatric patients with CMF syndromes who have had various interventions performed. Complications were categorized into type I to type IV classification. A total of 63 interventions (48 intermediate and 15 definitive) were conducted. These interventions involved various procedures from craniofacial team UMMC. Complications reported were 19% for type I, 4.76% for type II, 1.58% for type III and 4.76% for type IV. Most common complication was type I and manageable. However, other serious complications (type III and IV) have been documented and this includes mortality. The published rate of complications is beneficial in intervention decision making process and consent taking. Multiple team approach is needed for optimum treatment

Stability of maxillary advancement via distraction osteogenesis in cleft lip and palate patients: report of two cases

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate often results in midface hypoplasia and class III skeletal pattern. Maxillary hypoplasia resulting in skeletal class III malocclusion is high among patients with cleft lip and palate. Treatment is usually with Le Fort I advancement with/with out mandibular setback However, the stability of maxillary advancement with Le Fort I surgery is unpredictable and is known for high percentage of relapse. Therefore, this article reports two cases of distraction osteogenesis of the maxilla to correct the skeletal discrepancies. Method: 2 cases of cleft lip and palate patients with severe skeletal class III discrepancies were treated with maxillary advancement via Le Fort I osteotomy followed by distraction osteogenesis. Results: The cephalometric measurements were re-recorded after 1 year to quantify relapse. No significant relapse noticed. Clinically, there were marked improvement in dentofacial structures and results were stable following review after 1 year. Conclusion: This case report highlights the choice of treatment using distraction osteogenesis on the maxilla in two cleft lip and palate patients to correct skeletal discrepancy. Maxillary advancement via distraction osteogenesis seems to provide a significant structural improvement and stable results for patients with cleft lip and palate. Distraction osteogenesis is a useful method for bone regeneration and is a popular technique for treatment of craniofacial skeletal dysplasia, especially in patients with cleft lip and palate

Two-level factorial design of the pre-processing activities of polyamide 12 powder in selective laser sintering three-dimensional printing process

Powder exposure during selective laser sintering (SLS) three-dimensional (3D) printing process is detrimental to the health of workers in the indoor workspace and those in surrounding areas. To date, there is a paucity of studies concerning the factors involved in the SLS 3D printing process that have a significant effect on the indoor air concentrations. Hence, in this study, two-level factorial design was conducted to identify the factors that have a significant effect on the indoor air concentrations (particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 and 10.0 μm (PM2.5 and PM10), ultrafine particles (UFP), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC)) during pre - processing activities of the SLS 3D printing process. The exposure during handling of polyamide 12 (PA12) was simulated in a 24-m2 SLS 3D printing chamber. The following factors were investigated: (1) Factor A (air velocity (fan speed of the split air conditioner), (2) Factor B (refresh rate (the use of recycled PA12 powder), (3) Factor C (collecting powder from the mixing machine), (4) Factor D (transferring powder to the SLS 3D printing machine), and (5) Factor E (pouring powder into the feeder chamber). The sampling methods were conducted according to the Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality, Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Malaysia. Based on the analysis of variance results, Factor B was the most significant factor that contributed to the PM2.5, PM10, UFP, and TVOC concentrations during the pre-processing activities of the SLS 3D printing process. In conclusion, proper handling and the use of an automated vacuum conveying technology for the pre-processing activities will help prevent the spreading of gaseous and aerosol particles to other areas within vicinity of the SLS 3D printing process

Distraction Osteogenesis in Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a tissue engineering method to regenerate new bone. The application of DO in the field of oral and craniomaxillofacial surgery has provided a promising alternative as it can be integrated with conventional surgical technique for bone lengthening or expansion. This technique has the advantages of providing superior amount of bone lengthening thus eliminating the need of autogenous graft and donor site morbidity, can be applied in young patients and allows simultaneous expansion of the surrounding soft tissues. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive overview of the background history and development of DO which is based on Ilizarov technique, along with its basic principles, indications, classification of DO devices and protocol in craniomaxillofacial bone lengthening or expansion. Its clinical applications which include alveolar DO, mandible DO, maxilla DO, transport DO and craniofacial DO are clarified. This technique however requires proper understanding of clinical and technical components to avoid potential complications which include relapse, infection, adjacent structure injury, device failure and other complications. The emerging results of research and advances in DO are further elaborated at the end of this chapter

Technical issues in craniomaxillofacial distraction osteogenesis: a case series

Distraction osteogenesis allows superior skeletal advancement compared to conventional surgical osteotomy. It can be considered as a reliable and predictable surgical procedure and is widely used to correct the craniomaxillofacial bone discrepancy. Nevertheless, the outcome is technically dependent and requires comprehensive peri-operative assessment, preparation, and precision in application.The objective of this study is to highlight some important technical issues in distraction osteogenesis when the technique is indicated in various craniomaxillofacial regions and at the same time to discuss the options of preventing and overcoming these technical complications based on our experience and relevant literature.Important technical issues on the application of distraction osteogenesis in 5 different craniomaxillofacial regions were selectively highlighted based on the completed cases in one centre. Potential complications and its prevention methods were documented and discussed.The 5 highlighted regions of craniomaxillofacial distraction osteogenesis were alveolar, mandibular, cleft maxilla, craniofacial and facial cleft. Technical issues and complications were mostly device related and associated with anatomical limitations and surgical technique. Nevertheless, these complications are preventable and can be appropriately managed. From the literature and our experience, the technical aspects vary according to its application in different craniomaxillofacial regions. Preventing the potential complications contribute to the success of its application. This article also discussed the concept of Ihsan application in the medical field, to achieve the best of treatment in terms of delivery and technical preparation for the patients

Effect of Employing Vortex Generator on Curve Diffuser Performance

A diffuser is commonly applied in fluid-flow engineering applications with its simplest form of expanding area in the flow direction. A curve diffuser is one of its kinds often associated with secondary flow separation, thus improvement via installing passive flow control devices such as a vortex generator is to explore. The present work aims to numerically investigate the potential of four (4) types of vortex generators, i.e. triangle, rectangle, tapered, wishbone to improve the 90° curve diffuser performance. The results suggest that using vortex generators on a curve diffuser can improve performance. Triangle vortex generator provides the most optimum pressure recovery and flow uniformity of respectively 0.250 and 2.14.  This promises improvement of approximately 31.3% and 25.4% relative to the benchmark case, without vortex generator

PEMBUATAN BIOGAS DAN PUPUK KOMPOS DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN LIMBAH KOTORAN SAPI BERBASIS ZERO WASTE DI DESA LENEK DAYA

Limbah ternak memiliki potensi besar yang harus dimanfaatkan sebaik mungkin. Salah satu pemanfaatan limbah ternak dan sampah organik adalah biogas. Biogas dapat menjadi salah satu sumber energi terbarukan, baik digunakan sebagai gas rumah tangga maupun sumber listrik, serta limbah dari biogas yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk. Dengan pengolahan sampah organik dan limbah ternak menjadi biogas, maka jumlah sampah dapat dikurangi dan masyarakat terutama masyarakat Desa Lenek Daya dapat menghasilkan keuntungan dengan menjual maupun memanfaatkan langsung hasil dari biogas berupa gas, pupuk cair, dan pupuk kompos. Pemanfaatan limbah ternak menjadi biogas ini juga termasuk cara mengurangi sampah dalam rangka hidup bebas sampah atau yang dikenal dengan konsep  zero waste

Craniofacial corrective surgery in Syndromic Craniosynostosis

This surgical field has now progressed and becoming an established subspecialty involving various surgical disciplines worldwide. Various complex CMF syndromes reported in syndromic craniosynostosis include Crouzon, Apert and Pfeiffer syndromes. These syndromes carry specific functional discrepancies associated with the affected structural anomaly and may therefore have functional issues involving the brain, eye and airway among others. As corrective surgery is often indicated depending on the affected vital functions, other factors that need to be considered are patient’s age, comorbidities, urgency, available expertise and patient’s overall prognosis based on the degree of anomaly. As such, the corrective surgery can be categorized into; 1) intermediate which is performed at an early phase and aimed to improve or salvage important vital functions such as the brain, eye, airway or feeding which are important for the child’s development and, 2) definitive treatment aimed at permanently correct the functional discrepancies. Intermediate corrective surgery may include invasive procedures such as ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunts, tarsorrhaphy, adenotonsillectomy and tracheostomy whereas definitive corrective surgery may include surgical procedures such as monobloc, Le Fort III osteotomy, posterior cranial vault expansion and mandibular advancement. This chapter will elaborate on the indications, types, challenges in the management and the proposed prevention measures in corrective surgery for specifically for syndromic craniosynostosis patients

Craniofacial Corrective Surgery in Syndromic Craniosynostosis

This surgical field has now progressed and becoming an established subspecialty involving various surgical disciplines worldwide. Various complex CMF syndromes reported in syndromic craniosynostosis include Crouzon, Apert and Pfeiffer syndromes. These syndromes carry specific functional discrepancies associated with the affected structural anomaly and may therefore have functional issues involving the brain, eye and airway among others. As corrective surgery is often indicated depending on the affected vital functions, other factors that need to be considered are patient’s age, comorbidities, urgency, available expertise and patient’s overall prognosis based on the degree of anomaly. As such, the corrective surgery can be categorized into; (1) intermediate which is performed at an early phase and aimed to improve or salvage important vital functions such as the brain, eye, airway or feeding which are important for the child’s development and, (2) definitive treatment aimed at permanently correct the functional discrepancies. Intermediate corrective surgery may include invasive procedures such as ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunts, tarsorrhaphy, adenotonsillectomy and tracheostomy whereas definitive corrective surgery may include surgical procedures such as monobloc, Le Fort III osteotomy, posterior cranial vault expansion and mandibular advancement. This chapter will elaborate on the indications, types, challenges in the management and the proposed prevention measures in corrective surgery for specifically for syndromic craniosynostosis patients